Compound Hydrometeorological Extremes: Drivers, Mechanisms and Methods

Compound extremes pose immense challenges and hazards to communities, this is particularly true for compound hydrometeorological associated with deadly floods, surges, droughts, heat waves. To mitigate better adapt extremes, we need understand the state of knowledge such extremes. Here review current advances in understanding extremes: wave drought (hot-dry), stress extreme precipitation (hot-wet), cold-wet, cold-dry flooding. We focus on drivers these methods used investigate quantify their risk. Overall, hot-dry are tied subtropical highs, blocking atmospheric stagnation events, planetary patterns, which modulated by atmosphere-land feedbacks. Compared hot-wet events less examined literature most works focusing case studies. The cold-wet commonly snowfall cold frontal systems. Although have been found decrease, underlying mechanisms require further investigation. flooding encompasses storm surge high rainfall, sea level rise, riverine flooding, coastal there a growing risk future due changes intensity, precipitation, land-use-land-cover change. processes interactions numerical models complement statistical modeling dependence between components While global climate can simulate certain types high-resolution regional coupled land hydrological required variability project In terms previous studies empirical approach, event coincidence analysis, multivariate distribution, indicator quantile regression Markov Chain method dependence, greatly advancing science selection depends type interests relevant variables.